Activation of Local and Systemic Defence Responses by Flg22 Is Dependent on Daytime and Ethylene in Intact Tomato Plants

The first line of plant defence responses against pathogens can be induced by the bacterial flg22 and dependent on various external internal factors. Here, we firstly studied effects daytime ethylene (ET) using Never ripe (Nr) mutants in local systemic intact tomato plants after treatments. Flg22 was applied afternoon at night rapid reactions were detected. production hydrogen peroxide nitric oxide locally, while superoxide systemically, wild type light period, but all remained lower Nr leaves. elevated, ET, jasmonic acid (JA) salicylic (SA) levels period; these did not change significantly night. Expression Pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1), Ethylene response factor (ERF1) Defensin (DEF) showed also daytime- ET-dependent changes. Enhanced ERF1 DEF expression stomatal closure observable leaves light. These data demonstrate that early biotic signalling flg22-treated distal ones is an process it determined time day inhibited phase.